Is There a Student Loan Bubble?

For many college students, educational loans are an unavoidable side effect of attending institutions of higher learning. As the tuition at colleges and universities across the country continue to rise, the total amount of student loans in the U.S. has ballooned as well. According to the College Board, overall borrowing for school has more than doubled from $41 billion to about $85 billion in the ten years leading up to the 2007-2008 academic year. Moreover, a recent article published by the Wall Street Journal states that the percentage of private loans has more than tripled from 7% to around 23% in the same time period. Adding to these already massive student loan figures, the U.S. Department of Education established an initiative in late 2008 to repurchase up to $6.5 billion of student loans in order to further bolster access to student loans. With all the easy borrowing and prolific lending, does the U.S. have a student loan bubble?

While university officials and student lending organizations may argue that the sheer monetary value of a college degree precludes any debate about such a bubble taking place, the nascent signs of trouble in the student loan market suggest otherwise. There has been growing concern that default rates on student loans will rise, as did those in the mortgage market in the housing bubble. To illustrate, the same Wall Street Journal article reports that the private student lender Sallie Mae saw its delinquency rate rise by 0.9% - from 8.5% to 9.4% - within one year. Sensing potential trouble, some financial institutions have decided to halt their student loan business altogether. In April 2008, for example, Bank of America announced that it was leaving the educational private loan market.

Although these facts are disconcerting, it may still be too early to tell whether the student loan market is truly in a bubble. The current default rates on student loans, for instance, are still much lower than those reached in the 1980s, when the student loan default rates peaked at about 30%. At the time, those skyrocketing rates prompted state and federal governments to resort to such drastic measures as passing legislation and recruiting the help of collections agencies to exact payments from delinquent borrowers. The U.S. Department of Education targeted the other side of the lending table by prohibiting institutions with high default rates from taking part in federal financial aid programs. Having learned from their past experiences, both government and private lenders are negotiating loan terms with borrowers to try to prevent the default rates from rising this time around.

To read one Huffington Post blogger’s reaction to the student loan bubble, click here. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia.